Ingredients Glossary
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From Ingredients Glossary
Phytochemical – although literally “plant chemical,” usually refers to any compound from a plant source that may be efficacious to health. Used interchangeably with “phytonutrient.” About 10,000 have been identified to date, and perhaps as many more remain unidentified.
Phytoestrogen – also called “plant estrogens,” these phytochemicals show mild estrogenlike ability. Soybeans are a major source of these highly studied compounds. They may help regulate cholesterol and reduce the risk of some cancers. They might help maintain bone density post-menopause and could be mildly helpful at reducing menopausal symptoms.
Phytosterol – also called plant sterols, phytosterols are steroid alcohols naturally occurring in plants. In addition to antioxidant capacity, they have shown strong ability to help reduce serum cholesterol and protect against cardiovascular disease.
Polydextrose – a fiber made up of dextrose, sorbitol and citric acid. A lower-calorie sweetener, polydextrose acts as a prebiotic fiber to promote gut health.
Polyphenol – antioxidant flavonols which have been shown to help reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease, cancer and the onset of Alzheimer’s. Found in high levels in grape seeds and skins, as well as in black currants, pomegranates, yerba maté, green tea, dark chocolate, red wine and virgin olive oil. Prebiotic – compounds that can promote the growth of healthful bacteria in the digestive tract, especially the colon.
Probiotic – any of a number of beneficial bacteria or yeast, such as lactic acid bacteria. They convert carbohydrates (such as the milk sugar lactose) into lactic acid, aiding digestion and lowering gastrointestinal pH. See “yogurt cultures.”
